Science is Fun Fridays!
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that act as molecular messengers to direct cells, hormones, and bodily processes. Peptide engineering is the modification of these chains to improve their stability, binding strength, and use in medicine. Scientists developed a peptide called HAEE, which was designed to stop the clumps of amyloid-beta protein that build up between neurons in Alzheimer's. Specifically, the peptide would block zinc ions that are thought to act as a kind of glue. When researchers then developed a method to measure HAEE in blood samples for clinical trials, they found that every one of the 150 volunteers already had the peptide. They then compared those samples with healthy controls, and found that those with Alzheimer's had around half the levels of HAEE, suggesting that HAEE deficiency plays a significant role in the disease. It also means the molecule can be used as a biomarker for disease testing.